Family Tree of Elizabeth 1 and Mary Queen of Scots
Elizabeth I and Mary, Queen of Scots
The tides of peace turned for Queen Elizabeth I when Mary, Queen of Scots arrived in England
Who was Mary, Queen of Scots?
The but surviving legitimate kid of King James V. Mary, Queen of Scots was also known as Mary Stuart.
When was Mary, Queen of Scots Born?
Mary Stuart was born in Linlithgow Palace in Scotland on 8th Dec 1542. She became Queen of Scotland when she was only half-dozen days old, and through her wedlock to a French heir she became Queen of France when she was sixteen.
When did Mary, Queen of Scots return to England?
Mary was Elizabeth's cousin and an heir to the English throne through her Tudor grandmother, Margaret, Henry 8'southward older sister. With the death of her husband, Francis II of France in 1560, and post-obit the death of Mary of Guise, Regent of Scotland, the 19-twelvemonth-one-time Mary reluctantly returned to rule Scotland on 19th Baronial 1561. As reckless and impulsive as Elizabeth was shrewd and careful, Mary fabricated a number of disastrous decisions, embroiling herself in scandal and political intrigue.
Who did Mary, Queen of Scots marry?
Mary was married to Francis, Dauphin of France, from 1558 until he died in 1560. On return to Scotland, Mary married her cousin, Henry Stuart (Lord Darnley) in 1565. He soon became jealous of her affections for David Rizzio, her Italian secretarial assistant. Before long Darnley had Rizzio murdered in front of the heavily pregnant Queen.
The post-obit twelvemonth Darnley was found strangled in his garden. Iii months later Mary married the primary suspect in her husband'south murder, James Hepburn, Earl of Bothwell. Europe was scandalised and the Scottish nobles forced Mary to abdicate in favour of her infant son, James Vi. In 1568, Mary fled to England where she became Elizabeth's unwanted guest and prisoner for the adjacent 19 years.
Mary the Cosmic
In England and under firm-abort, Mary reinvented herself as a devout Catholic and a rival legitimate claimant to the English throne. Following Elizabeth's new religious settlement in 1559, the deposed Queen of Scotland proved a very destabilising presence, as she quickly became a figurehead for disaffected Catholics.
Consequently, plots and conspiracies abounded, with the offset taking place within a yr of Mary'south arrival. The Northern Ascension of 1569 was led by the Earls of Westmoreland and Northumberland. Information technology was crushed fairly apace, simply it represented the commencement serious claiming to Elizabeth's authority, also equally receiving the bankroll of the Pope.
The Pope intervenes
In February 1570 Pope Pius V issued a damning Papal Bull (a blazon of public prescript) which excommunicated Elizabeth, 'the pretended Queen of England, the Servant of Wickedness'. It alleged her deposed and absolved her subjects from any oath of allegiance to her. The Bull put English Catholics in an untenable position, with its announcement that a Catholic could not exist loyal to both the Queen and the Pope, while its pick of penalties offered only treason or excommunication.
More dangerously for Elizabeth, information technology authorised and legitimised the actions of the more extreme factions attempting to depose her, and in that location were at least five more than serious attempts to overthrow her.
Mary, Queen of Scots: the plots
The first plot was planned past Roberto Ridolfi, a Florentine broker living in London. Uncovered past the government in 1571, the conspiracy aimed to apply Spanish troops from holland to depose Elizabeth and put Mary on the throne with Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk, equally her husband. Norfolk was found guilty of treason and executed in 1572. Although Mary was implicated in the plot, Elizabeth refused calls for her to be put on trial.
The next pope, Gregory XIII, elected in 1572, advocated an even more extreme anti-Protestant stance than his predecessor, encouraging numerous schemes to invade England, and depose and assassinate Elizabeth. Mary became the focal point of many of these conspiracies. As a result, the Privy Council and Parliament oft pressed the Queen to put Mary to death. Elizabeth remained reluctant to execute a fellow monarch.
How did Mary, Queen of Scots die?
It was a plot to kill Elizabeth and start a Catholic insurgence that became Mary'due south undoing. In July 1586 Anthony Babington wrote to Mary explaining that he had half dozen friends 'who for the zeal they bear unto the Catholic cause and your Majesty's service will undertake that tragical execution'. Mary replied to Babington shortly after:
'Then shall it exist time to prepare the six gentlemen to piece of work, taking order upon the accomplishment of their design...'
Francis Walsingham, Elizabeth's Secretary of Country and spymaster, had already infiltrated Mary's network and was monitoring her correspondence. He intercepted and deciphered her coded messages and Mary's reply sealed her fate. It provided the proof Walsingham needed to convince Elizabeth to have Mary arrested and put on trial. She was arrested on xi August 1586 and brought to trial in October. With reams of evidence against her, Mary was institute guilty of being 'not only accessory and privy to the conspiracy, simply also an imaginer and compass of her majesty'due south devastation'.
Parliament approved the verdict and urged Queen Elizabeth to judgement her to decease. Elizabeth agonised and prevaricated for four long months, before signing Mary'south expiry warrant at Greenwich. Mary was executed on viii February 1587 at Fotheringhay Castle in Northamptonshire. Elizabeth felt duped by her advisers and was angry that the execution took identify.
Where is Mary, Queen of Scots buried?
Mary requested to exist buried in France only this was refused by Elizabeth. Instead her body was embalmed and left in a secure coffin until her burial in July 1587.
In 1612 her body was exhumbed, when her son King James I ordered that her body be placed in Westminster Abbey contrary Elizabeth.
The Fleet Portrait
Only ane year later Mary's execution, Queen Elizabeth I faced the most famous conflict of her reign - the failed invasion of England past the Spanish Fleet in summer 1588. The Fleet Portrait, recently saved for the nation is now dorsum on public display in the Queen's Business firm afterwards careful conservation.
Find out more than and visit The Armada Portrait
Using our collections for research
The collections at Royal Museums Greenwich offer a globe-form resource for researching maritime history, astronomy and fourth dimension.
Observe out how you lot can use our collections for research
Source: https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/topics/elizabeth-i-mary-queen-scots
0 Response to "Family Tree of Elizabeth 1 and Mary Queen of Scots"
Post a Comment